One . Command parser
shell—unix operating system
bash—linux operating system
Explain the execution of commands that can be executed by the terminal
The essence : According to the name of the executable program
Two .history Command display history execute command
CTRL+p Upward search
CTRL+N Find down
CTRL+B The cursor moves forward
CTRL+F The cursor moves back
CTRL+a The cursor jumps to the beginning of the line
CTRL+e The cursor jumps to the end of the line
tab The key is an auto completion key
3、 … and .Linux The directory structure of the system
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/bin yes binary Abbreviation , This directory holds the most frequently used commands
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/boot Store start linux The core files include some image files and connection files |
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/dev dev when device Abbreviation for equipment , This directory holds linux External equipment of , stay Linux The way to access the device is the same as the way to access the file . |
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/etc This directory is used to store all system management configuration files and directories |
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/home User’s home directory , stay Linux Each user in has its own directory , Generally, the directory is named after the user |
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/lib This directory holds the most basic dynamic link sharing library of the system , Its function is in Windows Medium DDL file |
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/lost-found This file is usually empty . When the system is shut down illegally , There will be some files here |
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/media linux The system will automatically work on some devices , Such as u Disk drive , When identified ,Linux Will mount the identified device to this directory |
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/mnt The system provides this directory for users to temporarily mount to the file system We can mount the optical drive to /mnt Then enter the CD-ROM drive to view the contents of the CD-ROM |
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/opt This is the directory where additional software is installed on the host computer , For example, you install a oracle Database to this directory . The directory is empty by default . |
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/proc
This directory is a virtual directory , It’s a mapping of system memory , We can access , This directory to get information about the system The contents of this directory are not on the hard disk, but in memory , We can directly modify the files inside , For example, use the following command to block the host ping command , Make it impossible for others to ping Your machine echo / > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp-echo-ignore-all |
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/root This directory is the system administrator directory , Also known as the super privilege user home directory
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/sbin s Namely super user It means , Here is the system administrator’s program |
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/usr This is a very important Directory , Many of the user’s applications and files are stored in this directory , Be similar to windows Under the program files Catalog |
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/usr/bin Applications used by system users |
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/usr/sbin At first, users used more advanced management programs and system daemons |
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/usr/src The default placement directory for kernel source code |
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/var This directory contains constantly expanding things, and we are used to putting those directories that are often modified in this directory , Including various log files |
stay Linux in , There are several catalogues that are more important , Don’t delete by mistake
/etc It’s the system configuration file
/bin /sbin /usr/bin /usr/sbin: The default location directory of the execution file
/bin /usr/bin Is an instruction for system users
/sbin /usr/sbin It’s for root Instructions used by the user
/var It’s a very important Directory , Many important programs running on the system will be stored in /var/log Under the directory, for example mail Program
Four . User directory
Relative paths The file location relative to the current directory
. Current directory
.. Upper level directory
cd _ Two adjacent directories switch
Absolute path Starting from the root directory
# On behalf of super users
$ On behalf of ordinary users
5、 … and .ls and tree Use
tree The command must be networked to install the command
Must be in root Permission to install
Examples are as follows :
6、 … and . The color of files and directories
| white | Ordinary documents |
| Blue | Catalog |
| green | Executable file |
| Red | Compressed files |
| Cyan | Link to the file ( similar windows Next shortcut ) |
| yellow | Equipment department documents ( In general dev Under the table of contents ) |
| gray | Other documents |
7、 … and .ls command
ls -a
Show all the documents , Include hidden files similar to . file In this case, the file is hidden
linux Hidden files and folders under （ Catalog ） Need to use mv command 、 In fact, it’s very simple .
Example ： take a Catalog hidden
command ：mv a .a
Type of file
| Catalog | d |
| Ordinary documents | – |
| Link symbols | l |
| Block device | b |
| Character device | c |
| socket file | s |
| The Conduit | p |
r —read jurisdiction
w—-write jurisdiction
x—– Executive authority
This analysis is
-rw-rw-r– 1 kong kong 0 otc 29 22:56 a.txt
– For file type
rw- The authority of the owner
rw- Permissions for the same group of users
r– Authority of others
1 The number of links to the file
kong The owner of the file or directory
kong The file or directory The group to which it belongs
otc 29 22:56 Last update date of the document
a.txt file name