Docker

Common commands

• Find image ：docker search Mirror name

• Pull the mirror image ：docker pull Mirror name

• start-up docker service ：sudo service docker start

• see docker state ：systemctl status docker

• Start the mirror ：docker run Mirror name

• Enter the running container ：docker exec -it Container name

• View the currently running container ：docker ps

• See the last container created ：docker ps -l

• List all containers ID：docker ps -aq

• See all running or not running containers ：docker ps -a

• Add ：docker container ls -l/all

• A container that stops running ：docker stop Containers id/name

• Restart terminated container ：docker start Containers id

• Restart the running container ：docker restart Containers id

• Delete docker In the container ：docker rm Containers id

• Delete docker All the containers in ：docker rm ‘docker ps -a -q’ -f

• Remove the data volume while deleting the container ：docker rm -v Containers id

• See what images there are ：docker images

• Delete docker In the mirror ：docker rmi Mirror image id

• Delete docker All the images in ：docker rmi $(docker images -q)

• Delete the container first , Delete the image again

• See mapping container mapping port ：docker port Containers id/name

• Check the standard output inside the container ：docker logs Containers id/name

• View the standard output of the real-time log inside the container ：docker logs -f Containers id/name

• View the processes running inside the container ：docker top Container name

• Mark image ：docker tag Mirror name The new mirror name of the tag

• restart docker： service docker restart

• Submit image ：docker push Mirror name or ： docker push Mirror name : Tag name notes ： The image name must be docker account number / Mirror name : Tag name , If there is no tag name default latest, You can also add a tag name when you submit

• Export container ：docker export Containers id > file name （ Export container snapshot to local file ）

• Import container ：docker import – Snapshot filename …

• Creating a data volume ：docker volume create Data volume name

• View all data volumes ：docker volume ls

• View the specified data volume information ：docker volume inspect Data volume name

• View container information ：docker inspect Container name data volume information in its “Mounts”Key below

• Delete data volume ：docker volume rm Data volume name （ Before deleting a data volume, you need to delete the container using the data volume ）

• Delete a data volume that has no master ：docker volume prune

Docker Submission of orders

docker commit -m “update” -a=”root” a6e80297382e root/ubuntu:update

• -m： Description information submitted

• -a： Specify mirror author

• a6e80297382e： Containers ID

• root/ubuntu： Specify the directory image name to create

• :update： Specify the image label name

Docker Run the command

docker run -i -t ubuntu:15.10 /bin/bash

• -t： Specify a pseudo terminal or terminal in the new container .

• -i： Allows you to enter standard input into the container (STDIN) Interact .

docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py

• -d： Let the container run in the background

• -P： Map the network ports used inside the container to the hosts we use .

Docker Run command details

docker run -dit –privileged -p21:21 -p80:80 -p8080:8080 -p30000-30010:30000-30010 –name how2jtmall how2j/tmall:latest /usr/sbin/init

• docker run Running an image

• -dit yes -d -i -t Abbreviation . -d , Express detach, Running in the background . -i Means to provide an interactive interface , In this way, we can pass docker and Running operating system interaction . -t To provide a tty ( Pseudo terminal ), And -i Cooperation can be achieved through ssh Tools connected to There’s something going on in this container

• –privileged When starting the container , Take the authority in . In this way, the complete operation can be carried out in the container

• -p21:21 first 21, It means that CentOS Open up 21 port . the second 21 Open in a container 21 port . So when the access CentOS Of 21 Port time , It’s going to indirectly access the container

• -p80:80 and 21 A truth

• -p8080:8080 and 21 A truth , In this case , The address of the visit is http://192.168.84.128:8080/tmall/, This 192.168.84.128 yes CentOS Of ip Address ,8080 yes CentOS The port of , But by -p8080:8080 Such a mapping , Just visit the… In the container 8080 On port tomcat 了

• -p30000-30010 and 21 It’s the same thing , This is ftp Used to transmit data

• –name how2jtmall Gave the container a name , be called how2jtmall, Convenient for follow-up management

• how2j/tmall:latest how2j/tmall It’s the name of the image , latest It’s the version number , The latest version

• /usr/sbin/init: Represents a program that runs after startup , This command is used for initialization

Create container process

When using docker run To create the container ,Docker Standard operations running in the background include ：

• Checks if the specified image exists locally , Download from the public repository if it does not exist

• Create and start a container using an image

• Assign a file system , And mount a read-write layer outside the read-only mirror layer

• Bridges a virtual interface from the bridge interface configured in the host host to the container

• Configure one from the address pool ip Address to container

• Execute the application specified by the user

• The container is terminated after execution

An automated build ：

• stay Docker Hub Choose a warehouse , stay Builds Tab Configure Automated Builds;

• Select a project in the target website （ Need to include Dockerfile） And branches

• Appoint Dockerfile The location of , And save it .

  After that, you can go to Docker Hub Of the warehouse page Timeline Tab to see the status of each build .

  ---

                                                           Data management

Data volume

Data volume concept

A data volume is a special directory that can be used by one or more containers , It bypasses UFS, There are many useful features available ：

• Data volumes can be Shared and reused between containers

• Yes Changes to the data volume will take effect immediately

• Yes Update of data volume , It doesn’t affect the mirror image

• The data volume will always exist by default , Even if the container is deleted

Be careful ： The use of data volumes , Be similar to Linux Proceed to the directory or file below mount, Files in the directory specified as the mount point in the mirror are hidden , It can display the attached data volume .

When we run a container （ If you don’t use a roll ）, Any file changes made will not be recorded in the container storage layer .

Start data volume

docker run -d -P –name web –mount source=my-vol,target=/webapp training/webapp python app.py

• -d： Let the container run in the background

• -P： Map the network ports used inside the container to the hosts we use .

• –name： Create the name of the container

• source： Specify the data volume name

• target： Specify which directory to mount in the container

• training/webapp： Mirror name

• python app.py： Container name

Use –mount Tags mount data volumes to containers .

Create a file called web The container of , And load a data volume into the container /webapp Catalog

Delete data volume

• Data volumes are designed to persist data , Its lifecycle is independent of the container ,Docker The data volume will not be automatically deleted after the container is deleted , And there’s no garbage collection mechanism to deal with data volumes that don’t have any container references . If you need to remove the data volume while deleting the container . Can be used when removing containers docker rm -v This command .

• Delete data volume ：docker volume rm Data volume name （ Before deleting a data volume, you need to delete the container using the data volume ）

• Delete a data volume that has no master ：docker volume prune

  ---

Mount the host directory

Mount host directory as data volume

docker run -d -P –name web –mount type=bind,source=/home/docker,target=/opt/webapp training/webapp python app.py

• -d： Let the container run in the background

• -P： Map the network ports used inside the container to the hosts we use .

• –name： Create the name of the container

• source： Specify the local directory , It has to be an absolute path , Use –mount when , If the local directory does not exist Docker Will report a mistake

  • Use -v when , If the local directory does not exist Docker A folder will be created automatically

• target： Specify which directory to mount in the container

• training/webapp： Mirror name

• python app.py： Container name

  ---

Read only permission

Docker The default permission to mount the host directory is : Reading and writing , Can increase readonly Designated as : read-only

docker run -d -P –name web –mount type=bind,source=/home/docker,target=/opt/webapp,readonly training/webapp python app.py

• -d： Let the container run in the background

• -P： Map the network ports used inside the container to the hosts we use .

• –name： Create the name of the container

• source： Specify the local directory , It has to be an absolute path , Use –mount when , If the local directory does not exist Docker Will report a mistake

  • Use -v when , If the local directory does not exist Docker A folder will be created automatically

• target： Specify which directory to mount in the container

• readonly： Set the mount directory permission to read-only

• training/webapp： Mirror name

• python app.py： Container name

Mount the local file as a data volume

docker run –rm -it –mount type=bind,source=$HOME/.bash_history,target=/root/.bash_history training/webapp bash

• –rm： The container automatically cleans up the file system inside the container when it exits

• -it： Run in interactive mode , Assign a pseudo input terminal

• source： Specify the local directory , It has to be an absolute path , Use –mount when , If the local directory does not exist Docker Will report a mistake

  • Use -v when , If the local directory does not exist Docker A folder will be created automatically

• target： Specify which directory to mount in the container

• training/webapp： Mirror name

• bash： Container name

function history, You can view the commands recorded in the container （ History command of host ）

                                                            The Internet

Use the Internet

External access container

docker run -d -P training/webapp python app.py

• -d： Let the container run in the background

• -P： Map the network ports used inside the container to the hosts we use .

At this time to use -P When the tag Docker It’s going to map one at random 49000~49900 Port to the internal container open network port

-P You can specify the port to map , also , Only one container can be bound on a specified port . The supported formats are ip:hostPort:containerPort | ip::containerPort | hostPort:containerPort.

Map all interface addresses

Use hostPort:containerPort Format local 5000 The port maps to the container 5000 port , It can be executed

$ docker run -d -p 5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py

All addresses on all local interfaces will be bound by default .

Maps to the specified port of the specified address

have access to ip:hostPort:containerPort The format specifies that the map USES a specific address , such as localhost Address 127.0.0.1

$ docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1:5000:5000 training/webapp python app.py

Maps to any port at the specified address

Use ip::containerPort binding localhost Of any port to the container 5000 port , The local host will automatically assign a port .

$ docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1::5000 training/webapp python app.py

You can also use udp Tag to specify udp port

$ docker run -d -p 127.0.0.1:5000:5000/udp training/webapp python app.py

To configure DNS

Configure… For all containers DNS , It can also be in /etc/docker/daemon.json Add the following to the file to set .

{
 "dns" : [
   "114.114.114.114",
   "8.8.8.8"
]
}

This mechanism allows the host to DNS When the information is updated , all Docker Container of DNS Configuration through /etc/resolv.conf The document is updated immediately , Container for each startup DNS Automatically configured to 114.114.114.114 and 8.8.8.8.