转自：http://zhangxugg-163-com.iteye.com/blog/1551269
nginx upstream keepalive connections
Nginx从 1.1.4 开始，实现了对后端机器的长连接支持，这是一个激动人心的改进，这意味着 Nginx 与后端机器的通信效率更高，后端机器的负担更低。
例如，对一个没有长连接支持的后端机器，会出现大量TIME_WAIT 状态的连接，使用以下命令验证之：
netstat -n | grep TIME_WAIT
经过查阅官方文档，其目前已经实现了http, fastcgi, memcache 协议的长连接支持。而之前的版本中仅支持 memcache 协议。
1. 启用到 memcache 服务器的长连接
在upstream
配置段中增加
keepalive N
指令即可：
upstream memcached_backend {
server 127.0.0.1:11211;
server 10.0.0.2:11211;
keepalive 32;
}
server {
…
location /memcached/ {
set $memcached_key $uri;
memcached_pass memcached_backend;
}
}
2.
启用fastcgi
长连接支持
除了需要在upstream
中配置
keepalive N
外，还需要在
location
中增加
fastcgi_keep_conn on;
upstream fastcgi_backend {
server 127.0.0.1:9000;
keepalive 8;
}
server {
…
location /fastcgi/ {
fastcgi_pass fastcgi_backend;
fastcgi_keep_conn on;
…
}
}
3.
启用对后端机器HTTP
长连接支持
upstream http_backend {
server 127.0.0.1:8080;
keepalive 16;
}
server {
…
location /http/ {
proxy_pass http://http_backend;
proxy_http_version 1.1;
proxy_set_header Connection “”;
…
}
}
注意：需要设置nginx
代理请求的
http
协议版本号为
1.1,
以及清除掉
Connection
请求
header,
官方文档描述：
For HTTP, the proxy_http_version directive should be set to “
1.1
”
and the
“
Connection
”
header field should be cleared
.
The connections parameter should be set low enough to allow upstream servers to process additional new incoming connections as well.
即是说：keepalive N
指令中
, N
的值应该尽可能设置小一些，以便后端机器可以同时接受新的连接。
在我负责的生产环境中，前端是nginx,
静态文件缓存使用
varnish,
使用长连接之后，
varnish
机器的连接数从
8000
多下降至
200
多，负载值也有明显降低。
但是针对fastcgi,
即后端机器是
php-fpm
服务时，在
nginx
日志中出现以下错误：
upstream sent unsupported FastCGI protocol version: 0 while reading upstream
。
广泛搜集，目前还未解决之。如果您遇到同样的问题并解决之，请一定联系笔者信箱[email protected],
甚是感谢。
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